Characteristics

The extraordinary morphological traits of the Aldabra giant tortoise are the result of millions of years of evolution tailored to its one-of-a-kind island home. Its enormous size is one of its most striking characteristics; adults may reach carapace lengths of up to 120 cm (47 inches) and weigh 250–300 kg (550–660 lbs.). Because of this, they are second only in size to the Galápagos giant tortoises among all the tortoise species on Earth.

The enormous, dome-shaped carapace, or shell, is the most noticeable feature of the Aldabra giant tortoise's appearance. This shell's strength and flexibility come from the bony plates that make it up, which are coated in a thick coating of keratin. The carapace, which may be anywhere from dark brown to grey in hue, serves as a good camouflage against the plants and rocky landscapes where it lives.

The tortoise's bottom shell, or plastron, is strong and linked to the spine and ribs, providing protection underneath the carapace. While enabling the tortoise to move and bend freely, this structure protects its internal organs. A plastron with a hinge at the front could also provide further safety for tortoises by letting them completely retreat their head and limbs within the shell.

The sturdy and powerful limbs of the Aldabra giant tortoise allow it to traverse a wide range of terrains and maintain its enormous body weight. The columnar feet of each leg have strong claws that help in digging and traction, as well as thick, stubby toes. The tortoise's remarkable mobility is a result of its adaptations, which allow it to traverse a wide variety of environments, from sandy beaches to rocky outcrops.

To better feed on plants, tortoises have a tiny heads compared to the rest of their body. Their beaks are hard and horny, and their snouts are short and blunt. A pair of tiny, black eyes provide excellent eyesight behind the head, while nostrils close to the tip of the snout enable the detection of smells. Even though tortoises are not very big, their eyes are well suited to seeing things moving and differentiating between forms.

Male Aldabra giant tortoises are physically different from females; they are bigger and have thicker tails. In addition, during mating sessions, men often have concave plastrons that help them mount females. Males attract females and establish dominance during mating season with elaborate courting displays that include head bobbing, circling, and vocalizations.