Sex

Sexual dimorphism in Comoro Olive Pigeons (Columba pollenii) is relatively subtle, with males and females exhibiting few external differences in plumage or size. In general, both sexes have similar olive-brown plumage, although males may have slightly brighter or more iridescent feathers during the breeding season. However, these differences are often difficult to discern without close examination, and plumage alone is not a reliable indicator of sex.

One of the most reliable indicators of sex in Comoro Olive Pigeons is their behavior, particularly during the breeding season. Males are typically more vocal and active in displaying courtship behaviors, which may include puffing up their chest, bowing, and strutting in front of females.

During courtship displays, males may also emit distinctive vocalizations, including cooing calls and wing whistles, which serve to attract females and communicate their reproductive readiness. These vocalizations are often accompanied by visual displays, such as head bobbing and tail fanning, which further signal the male's fitness and suitability as a mate.

Female Comoro Olive Pigeons play a more passive role in courtship, typically assessing the displays and vocalizations of males before choosing a mate. Once a pair forms, both sexes participate in nest building, incubating the eggs, and caring for the

young, with each parent taking turns to forage and feed the nestlings. This division of labor ensures the reproductive success of the pair and contributes to the survival of the offspring.

In terms of reproductive anatomy, male Comoro Olive Pigeons possess testes, which produce sperm, while females have ovaries, which produce eggs. During the breeding season, males may experience an increase in testosterone levels, which stimulates courtship behaviors and vocalizations. However, these hormonal changes are temporary and subside once the breeding season concludes.

Sexual selection may also play a role in shaping the behavior and reproductive strategies of Comoro Olive Pigeons. Females may choose mates based on their displays of vigor, health, and genetic quality, as indicated by their courtship behaviors and physical condition.

While sexual dimorphism is minimal in Comoro Olive Pigeons, behavioral differences between males and females during the breeding season contribute to the reproductive success of the species. By engaging in courtship displays and vocalizations, males signal their reproductive fitness and compete for access to mates, while females assess potential mates based on their displays and behaviors. These behavioral differences reflect the evolutionary strategies adopted by Comoro Olive Pigeons to ensure successful reproduction and the continuation of their species.